THLAI KAHNA BUR CHI HRANG HRANGTE LEH A HMAN DAN
(Plant Protection Equipments and Spraying Techniques)


Pesticide Application Equipments : Thlai ven nana Pesticides kahna leh thehdarhna hmanraw chi hrang hrang hi Pesticide Application Equipment chu a ni. A chang chuan heng hmanrua te hi Plant Protection Equipment emaw Pests Control Equipment emaw tiin an sawi bawk thin a ni. Pesticide Application Equipment hi chi hrang hrang a awm a, a larzualte chu a hlawm deuhvin Sprayers te, Dusters leh Granule Applicators te hi a ni.


Pesticide Application Techniques : Pesticide Application Equipments chu a tawi zawngin Pesticides kahna hmanrua hi a ni. Pesticides awmzia chu thlai venna bawlhlo chi hrang hrang : fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, miticides, rodenticides etc. te hi a ni a, heng ho hi a huhova sawi nan Pesticides hi hman a ni. Tichuan thlai eichhetu rannungte, natna hrik leh hnim ten thlai an tichhiat loh nan leh thlaithar a lo hlawk zawk nan hun rei lo te chhunga senso tlem thei ang bera thlai kung, a tang leh a zar, a hnah a par leh a rah a Pesticides kah leh hnim suat nana Herbicides kah hi Pesticides application tum ber chu a ni.


  Pesticides kah dawn chuan hengte hi hriat hmasak a pawimawh a ni.


1) Eng ang hmanrua (equipments) nge hman tur, sprayer nge Duster tih te, sprayer rau rauvah pawh mihring ah chi nge yractor-a vuah chi tih te, hmanrua chu a tha tawk em tih te hriat vek phawt tur a ni.

2) Thlai eichhetu rannung chu pangang nge, thlangdar nge, keltelaimawm lam chi tih te hriat phawt a ngai a ni.

3) Eng natnain nge thlai chu tlakbuak, fungal disease nge, viral disease tih hriat hmasak a ngai a ni.

4) Pesticides kah chu engtiang taka hmanhmawhthlak nge a nih, rannung leh natna in thlai a bei tan nge a zatve lai a tichhe tawh tih te a hriat phawt a ngai bawk.

5) Eng ang chi pesticides nge kah tur, a tui nge, a phut nge, a phut tui nena pawlh chi nge, a nih loh leh a mum (granules) a mi hman tur zawk tih te hriat a ngai. Hei hian hmanraw thlan chungchangah kawngro a su hle a ni. Tin, hnim kah dawn chuan hnim chu a hnah hlai nge a hnah sin tih hriat hmasak a ngai bawk. Hnim tur (Herbicides/Weedicides) chu Pre-emergence application nge Post-emergence application tih hriat a tul bawk.

6) Thlai hmun chu engtia zau nge tih hriat a pawimawh hle bawk a, hei hian pesticides leh equipments mamawh zual tur zat a hril thei bawk a ni.


Pesticides Application pawimawhna : Pesticides an kahna chhan ber chu thlai hmelma chi hrang hrang (pests) ten thlai an tihchhiat loh nan leh thlai thar a lo hlawk theih nan a ni. Rannung, natna hrik leh hnimte suat mang theih a ni lova, a tum pawh tum chin chi a ni lo. Hei vang hian Plant Protection tum ber pawh hi leilung, tui leh boruak tibawlhhlawh lo thei ang bera thlai hmelma chi hrang hrang laka thlai ven hi a ni. Thlai hmelma laka thlai thar tihlawk lo khawpa chhiatna (economic damage) an thlen lohna tura tih tlem hi a ni. Heng thlai hmelma ho tihtlemna tur hian kawng hrang hrangin hmalak a ni a, a kawng khat tha ve tak chu Pesticides kah hi a ni. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) pawh hi thlai venna kawng hrang hrangte hi uar bik awm lova a tangkai thei ang ber hmanho hi a ni.


Buh leh thlai ven nana Pesticides hman dawn chuan hengte hi hriat phawt a tul a ni :


1) Pesticides hman tur (Quality of pesticides) : Pesticides hi chi hrang tam tak a awm, thlai hmelma (pest) a zirin pesticides hman tur pawh a danglam. Rannung suat nan Insecticides hman a ni a, hnim suat nan Herbicides/Weedicides hman a ni a, fungi vanga natna tihdam nan Fungicides hman a ni a, bacteria vanga natna tihdam nan bacterial Bactericides hman a ni a, thlai rulhut suat nan Nematicides hman a ni. Sazu suat nan Rodenticides hman a ni bawk a, chutiang zelin pests a zirin pesticides pawh a hrang thliah a ni.


  Pesticides rau rau pawh a siamdan (formulation) a zirin a inang lo thluah bawk a, entirnan : insecticides zingah pawh Rogor 35EC chu a tui, tui nena chawhpawlh chi a ni a, Malathion 50WP chu a phut, tui nen a pawlh chi a ni a, Furadan 3G chu a mum, tui pawlh loh tur leh kut tuam chunga thehdarh chi a ni thung a ni. Chubakah pesticides hman tur chu a la tha ngei, la expire lo a ni tur a ni. Tin, fungicides zingah pawh Bordeaux Mixture chu hman dawna thlai hmuna chawhpawlh chawp chi a ni a, Bavistan te chu tui nen pawlha hman nghal theih mai a ni thung a ni.


  Heng bakah hian pesticides hman tur zat (dosage) hi a pawimawh hle bawk. Mithiamte rawn chunga hman tur zat bithliah ang tak hman hi a sawtin a him bik a ni.


2) Pesticides rual tak leh kim taka kah dan (Quality of application and uniform coverage) : Buh leh thlai ven nan Pesticides hi hman tur zat dik tak hmangin a kah huntur dik takah pawh kap mah ila rual tak leh hmaih palh awm miah lova kah a nih si loh chuan pesticides kah kha a sawt tur angin a sawt thei lo a ni. Kah hmaih palh awm miah lova kah a nih si loh chuan pesticides kah kha a sawt tur angin a sawt thei lo a ni. Kah hmaihna lai apiangah rannung leh thlai natna hrik te, hnim te an lo inthlahpung leh thuai dawn a ni. Hei vang hian rual tak leh kim taka pesticides hi kahchhuah dap a pawimawh hle a ni.


3) Kah/Hman Hun (Timing of application) : Thlai veng tura thlai hmelma suat hlawhtling tur chuan pesticides kah/hman hun hi zawm dik a pawimawh hle a ni. Thlai eichhetu rannung chu a tui (egg stage) hi suat awl lai a ni a, heng hunlai hi insecticides kah hun tha chu a ni. Thlai natna taidarh tur veng tur pawhin thlai kung hnih khat lekin natna an vei hunlai hi Fungicides leh Bactericides kah hun tha a ni. Hnim pawh hi a tiak tir leh a chawrno hi suat a awlsam a, hetih hunlai hian Herbicides pawh kah tur a ni. Pesticides kah hun dik tak zawm tur chuan loneituten an thlai chin an vil ngun a ngai a, anmahni pui tur leh finchhuah turin Agriculture Extension Worker te pawh inralrin a tul a ni.


Source :  C. Lalnithanga ,A.P.P.O.
J.Rothanga, SO-cum-SA
James Lalsiamliana,D.A.O.Champhai
Thlai Ven Dan
Directorte of Agriculture(CH), Aizawl, Mizoram-2009
Page No : 33 - 48
2nd Edition-2010


Pesticides Application Equipments chi hrang hrangte : Pesticides application equipments hi chi hrang tam tak a awm a, hlawm hrang hrangah then a ni, Manually operated tih chu khawl (engine) hmang lo, mihring tha hmanga kah chi tihna a ni a, Power Operated tih chu mihring tha ngai lova hman chi, petrol emaw diesel emaw engine hmang chi tihna a ni. Equipment chi hrang hrangte chu hengte hi a ni.


(1) SPRAYERS (Hydraulic energy) :
Manually Operated Power Operated
(i) Syringes, Slide Pump (i) High pressure sprayer hand carried type
(ii) Stirrup pump (ii) High pressure trolley/ bar row mounted
(iii) Knapsack/shoulder slung : (iii) Tractor mounted/trailed sprayer
(a) Lever operated knapsack sprayer-piston pump type (iv)High pressure knapsack sprayer
(b) Lever operated knapsack sprayer-diaphragm pump type (v) Aircraft, aerial spraying system (Fixed wing & Helicopter)
(iv) Compression sprayer : (a) Hand compression sprayer- conventional type
(b) Hand compression sprayer- pressure retaining type :
(v) Stationery type :
(a) Foot operated sprayer
(b) Rocker sprayer
(2) SPRAYERS (Gaseous energy) :
Manually operated Power Operated
(i) Hand held type (i) K.napsack,motorised type
(ii) Hand/stretcher carried type
(iii) Tractor mounted
(3) SPRAYERS (Centrifugal energy) :
(i) Hand held battery operated ultra low volume (ULV) sprayer
(ii) Knapsack motorised type
(iii) Tractor mounted UVL sprayer
(iv) Aircraft UVL sprayer
(4) OTHER SPRAYERS :
(i) Aerosol sprayer
(ii) Liquified-gas typr dispensar
(iii) Fogging machines
(5) DUSTING EQUIPMENT :
(5) DUSTING EQUIPMENT :
Manually operated Power Operated
(i) Broadcasting tin (i) Knapsack motorised type
(ii) Knapsack rotary granule applicator (ii) Tractor mounted/trailed type
(iii) Furrow granule applicator (iii) Aircraft

Spraying Techniques : Pesticides hi a siam dan phung (formulation) a zirin tui pawlh chi te, tui pawlh loh chi te, a phuta hman chi te, a tlang (tablet) a hman chi te a awm a. Tui nena chawhpawlh chi chu Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC) te, Water Soluble Concentrates (WSC) te, Wetable Powder (WP) te, Water Dispersible Powder (WDP) te, Soluble Liquid (SL) te hi a ni. Tui pawlh ngai lova a phut ang anga hman nghal chi hi Dusting Powder (DP) a ni a. Antam chi ang tak, mum hri hre a awm a, chu chu tui pawlh chi a ni lova, Granules (G) an ti thung.


  Tui nena chawhpawlh chi Pesticides ho hi a kahna Sprayer hmangin kah a ni deuh ber a, heng ho hi Spraying Technique pawh hian a huam deuh bik a ni. Heng pesticides, tui nena pawlh chi ho hian tui (water) hi a semrualtu (carrier) atan a hmang a, hei vang hian Pesticides hman tur zat (dosage) pawh kha tui nena pawlha kah tur a ni. Tichuan, thlai hmun hectare (tin hnih leh a chanve hmun) khata zau kah nan a tui pawlh tur tam lam a zirin Spraying Technique pawh hi chi li (4)-ah then a ni a, tuipawlh tur tam lam hian sprayer hman tur leh a tui (spray solution) chikchhuahna hmawr ‘Nozzle’ hman tur a hril sa vek a ni. Spraying technique chi lit e chu hengte hi a ni.


Spraying Technique
Hectare khat biala tui leh pesticides chawhpawlh kah tur zat
1 High Volume (HV) spraying 300-500 litres
2 Low Volume (LV) spraying 50-150 litres
3 Ultra Low Volume (UVL) spraying less than 5 litres
4 Electrodyne spraying (Controlled Droplet Application) 0.5-1 litre

Spraying Technique a zira spraying then dan : Spraying Technique a zirin hetiang hian sprayer then a ni


 1) High Volume spraying :

  1. Slide pump/Hand Sprayer

  2. Stirrup pump sprayer

  3. Compression sprayer

  4. Foot operated sprayer

  5. Rocker sprayer

  6. Lever operated knapsack sprayer

  7. High pressure power operated sprayer


 2) Low Volume spraying :

  1. Motorised knapsack sprayer (Power operated)

  2. Manually operated gaseous energy handheld sprayer


 3) Ultra low volume sprayer :

  1. Handheld battery operated ultra low volume sprayer


 4) Electrodyne spraying :

  1. Battery operated electrodyne sprayer.


Nozzle chi hrang hrangte : Pesticides kah laia tui leh pesticide inpawlh (Spray Solution) phuh chhuahna hmur hi nozzle chu a ni. En maia a nep aiin nozzle hi a pawimawh a ni. Pesticide kah laia a phuh sin leh hraw thu-ah sprayer bawmpui (tank) chhung nekna (pressure) nasat dan leh nozzle hi a inlaichin tlat a ni. Pressure a tlem chuan a phuh hraw a, pressure a tam/san chuan a phuh sin thung a ni. Pressure hi a san hle chuan a phuh hi a sin lehzual a, a hu (vapour)-ah tam tak a kal ral a, a tum fuh lovin thliin a chhem leng bawk a, a chhan chu a phuh sin kha a hraw aiin a zang daih zawk a ni. Hnim tur (Weedicides) kah lai chuan a phuh hraw (coarse) tur a ni.


Nozzle chi hrang hrang leh a kaihhnawih te chu hengte hi a ni :


Spraying technique
Type of nozzle with example
Type of energy used
Droplet size
Factors affecting spraying
High volume spraying 300-500 L/ha Hydraulic nozzles
a) Hollow cone type
b) Fan type
c) Impact or Deflector type
d) Triple action type 		Hydraulic energy 300-400 Hm vmd a) Size of orifice
b) Pressure
Low Volume spraying 50-150 L/ha Airblast nozzle or Gaseous energy nozzle Gaseous energy 150-250 Hm vmd a) Air velocity
b) Ratio of volume of liquid and volume of air
Ultra low volume spraying less than 5 L/ha Spinning disc Centrifugal energy 70-100 Hm vmd a) Speed of disc
b) Properties of ulv formulation.
Fogging/UVL spraying less than 5 L/ha Hot tube nozzle Thermal energy Less than 50 Hm Properties of formulation.

Pesticides Application Equipments lar zual leh a hmannate :


    (1) Slide Pump : Slide pump hi vaitawng chuan Akela Sprayer an ti mai a, chi hnih a awm a, single action pump leh double action pump te an ni a. Hei hi a lar hle a, a tank chu plastic bur a ni a, dara ak chunga kut pahnih a kah chik chi a ni. Mithenkhat chuan ‘Hlawk zawk’ te pawh an ti. A hman a hahthlak a, a bur hi a te a, 5 litre dawng chauh a ni a, chuktuah huana hman chi a ni. A that lohna pakhat chu a pump lain a tui a baw duh hle a, ban leh dar a kham duh hle a, a phuhchhuak sin leh hraw hi a pump/hawlh chak danah a innghat tlat a, a phuhchhuak pawh a rual lo hle.

    (2) Hand compression knapsack sprayer : Hei hi Thosi kap hoten an hman lar ber hi a ni a, a bawm (tank) hi dar (brass)-a siam a ni deuh ber. A lian chi leh a te chi a awm. A tui (spray solution) thun hnu-ah leia hun lain a tawk vel tura ngaih pump a ni a, pump hnu-ah an kap nghal a, a pump a tam lain a phuh sin a, a pump (pressure) a tlem hnu-ah a phuh hraw thung. A pump a tlem veleh ah lai hlan thlak a pump nawn zel a ngai. Kah lain a bawm chhungah a zap nutu (agitator) a awm loh avangin a phuhchhuak hmasa lam aiin a mawngnawi a tak duh hle a ni. Hetiang chi sprayer hi buh leh thlai kah nan hman a ni ber. Thei kung sang tak tak kah nana hman loh tur a ni.


    (3) Lever operated knapsack sprayer : Hei hi knapsack sprayer ti a hriat lar a ni ber. Dara ak chunga pump chawp zel chi a ni. A pump na kuang (lever) pawh hi duh lam lamah a vuah theih a, dinglam hmangthiam tan ding lamah a vuah theih a, veikhawr tan vei lamah a vuah theih thung a ni. A bawmpui (tank) hi plastic dumpawla siam ani deuh ber. A hmaa Hand Compression sprayer aia a thatna chu hengte hi a ni :

    1. A bawm hi plastic a ni a, copper telna fungicide, entirnana Bordeaux Mixture te pawh harsatna awm lova kah theih, hand compression sprayer bawm chu dar (brass) a nih vangin copper leh chinai inpawlhin a eipawp thei (corrosive).

    2. Ah lain a pump chawp zel theih a, hna a sawt bik ani

    3. Ah laia a ngai pata a pump theih avangin a phuhchhuak sin lam pawh a inrual tlangpui.

    4. A bawm chhungah hian a zaptunu (agitator) a awm bik a, hei vang hian kah lain a phuhchhuakah pawh pesticide active ingredient leh tui inpawlh pawh englai pawhin inang tak leh rual takin a chhuak thei.

    5. A pump tlem avang hian thlaka pump ve sek a ngai lo.


      6.  Hengte avang hian LOK Knapsack Sprayer hi a chi dang aiin lei leh neih a manhla bik a ni.


    (4) Foot operated sprayer : Hei hi mi tam ber chuan cement in sak lai tui pekna hmanrua emaw an ti mai thin a. Nimahsela a hmanna dik tak chu thei huan (orchard) a pesticide kahna hmanrua a ni zawk. A hmang tur hian mi pahnih a ngai a, pakhat chuan a ke in a lo pump a, midangin a kahna dawt (spray lance) kengin thei kung buk leh lian tak tak a lo kap thung a ni. He sprayer hi a pump (pressure) a sang thei hle a, thei kung sang tak tak kahna turin a zawm sei theih a, a zawmseina hmanrua hi ‘Extended Bamboo Lance’ an ti a ni. Buh leh thlai hmuna hman tura siam a ni lo.


    (5) Rocker sprayer : Hei pawh hi Foot sprayer ang bawkin thei kung kahna tur liau liauva siam a ni. A hmaa mi ang bawkin a hmang tur hian mi pahnih a ngai a, pakhatin a pump-na tiang(lever) hmangin a lo pump a, a dangin a lo kap thung a ni. Buh leh thlai hmuna hman chi a ni lo.


    (6) Motorised Knapsack Sprayer : Hei hi India rama low volume sprayer chi hnih awm zinga pakhat zawk a ni a. Engine hmanga kah a ni a, a engine hi two-stoke petrol engine a ni. Tlemin sprayer dang dara ah chi ai chuan a rit deuh a, amaherawhchu, hna a sawt hle thung a ni. A thatna em em pakhat chu tui tlem deuh leh pesticides chawhpawlh a kah theih bakah pesticide phut ‘Dust formulation’ kah nan a hman theih leh zel hi a ni.


    (7) Battery UVL sprayer : Hei hi Indi rama ULV sprayer awmchhun/an siam chhun a ni a, a zangkhaiin hman a awlsam hle. Battery pangngai (tourch light battery ang chi) pali chauh a hmang a, switch hranpa a nei bawk a, a bawm (tank) chu 1 litre chauh dawng a ni thung. Amaherawhchu, hetiang chi hi hman dawn chuan pesticides hman tur kha a hranpa leh a bik taka siam ULV formulation a ngai thung a ni.


    (8) Shoulder slung Rotary duster : Hei hi duster zingah chuan a lar ber a ni a, dar ak chunga pum anga her chi a ni. Minute khat chhungin -35 rpm a chaka herin dust (phut) hi 0-150g a phuhchhuak hman a ni.


    (9) Manually operated gaseous-energy hand held sprayer : Hei hi khumfa kahna tia hriat lar a ni a, Sow volume sprayer mawl tak leh mantlawm tak a ni. A bik takin he hmanrua hi a tet avangin in chhung bungrua leh pangpar, pot-a khawi lai kah nana hman a ni ber.


    (10) Seed dressing (Treating) Drum :Seed dressing drum hi sprayer zinga chhiar tel ni lo mahse Pesticides Application Equipment pawimawh tak a ni. He hmanrua hi mawlte a ni a, Mizo lakaihna ‘Hmui’ ang deuh hian a her theih a, bawm chhungah khan a khanchhukte (shaft) a awn zawngin a inkham a, a hmawr lehlam chuan a herna (handle) a zawm thung. A bawm chhungah chuan thlaichi leh Seed treating fungicide thun hunah phui takin chin tur a ni. Chhin hnu hian a herna chelhin hmui her angin a her ta a, fungicide chu thlaichi-ah a kai ta thin a ni. Hemi hnu hian thlai chi chu a tuh theih tawh a ni.

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